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HMS Upholder (P37)
HMS ''Upholder'' (P37) was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrong at Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 30 October 1939, launched on 8 July 1940 by Mrs. Doris Thompson, wife of a director of the builders. The submarine was commissioned on 31 October 1940. She was one of four U-class submarines which had two external torpedo tubes at the bows in addition to the 4 internal ones fitted to all boats. They were excluded from the other boats because they interfered with depth-keeping at periscope depth.
==Career==
She was commanded for her entire career by Lieutenant-Commander Malcolm David Wanklyn, and became the most successful British submarine of the Second World War. After a working up period, she left for Malta on 10 December 1940 and was attached to the 10th Submarine Flotilla based there. She completed 24 patrols, sinking 93,031 tons of enemy shipping including the ''Libeccio'' after the Battle of the Duisburg Convoy, two submarines (the ''Tricheco'' and the ''Saint Bon''), three troopships, six cargo ships, an auxiliary ship and an auxiliary minesweeper. Wanklyn was awarded the Victoria Cross for a patrol in her in 1941, which included an attack on a particularly well-defended convoy on 24 May 1941 in which ''Upholder'' sank the Italian troop ship . On 28 July 1941 she damaged the Italian cruiser ''Giuseppe Garibaldi''. On 18 September 1941 she sank two troopships within hours of each other: the sister ships () and ().
''Upholder'' also damaged the Italian light cruiser ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'' (9500 tons), the German freighter ''Duisburg'' (), the French tanker ''Capitaine Damiani'' (), the Italian freighters ''Dandolo'' () and ''Sirio'' () and destroyed the wreck of the German freighter ''Arta'' () already grounded after the battle of Tarigo convoy.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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